莫高窟108窟内空气温湿度的变化过程及其对窟内水汽和热量来源的启示

为了对108窟内不同位置的温度、湿度和空气压力进行监测,设置了12个点的传感器。监测结果表明,窟内温度存在着显著的昼夜和长期的变化,其中上层空气的温度变化尤其明显,而下层空气的温度变化则相对较小。在夏天,窟内的上层空气温度高于下层空气的温度。窟内空气的绝对湿度受外部环境严重影响,存在近似昼夜的变化。在分布上,窟内空气湿度在上层和前部高,而在下层和后部则较小。窟内存在着净的水汽输入过程,但水汽不是从洞窟的入口进入的。同样,窟内的空气压力也存在着明显的昼夜变化过程,并受外部环境的影响而升高或下降,窟内东侧的空气压力大于西侧的空气压力。这些结果一致说明,在108窟的东侧上层存在着水汽和热量的来源。研究结果为下一步的盐害防治工作提供了思路,具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。

Temperature and humidity variations in Cave 108 of the Mogao Grottoes and what they indicate about moisture and heat sources of the cave

The air temperature, humidity and pressure in Cave 108 of the Mogao Grottoes were monitored by twelve sensors set at different positions inside. The results show that the air temperature in the cave has obvious daily and long-term variations. The variation amplitude of the upper part of the cave is larger than that of the lower part. In summer, the temperature of the upper part is also higher than that of the lower part. The absolute humidity of the air inside is seriously affected by the environment outside the cave and has a daily variation as well. Regarding the distribution, the air humidity is higher in the upper and the front parts of the cave than in the lower and the rear parts. There exists a net water vapor input from outside, but not through the cave entrance. Similarly, affected by the environment outside, the air pressure also has a clear daily variation and is higher on the east side of the cave than on the west side. All of these results above indicate that the moisture and heat sources of Cave 108 exist near the upper part of the east side of the cave.