明宋应昌《全海图注·广东沿海图》研究

《全海图注》是明代海防史上一部重要的海防地图,图中所隐含的许多资料信息,为现今传世文献不载。其中的"广东沿海图"记录了明代中叶从正德末到万历初所发生的最为重要的几件海上事件及学术疑案,如葡萄牙人来华贸易的"番船澳"和"番货澳",中葡"西草湾"之战的地望问题,"濠镜澳"之名出现的最早时间,澳门开埠后最早华人村落的建立,明代广东海盗的盛行及其治理等问题。通过对此图的研究,将上述重要事件和史实挖掘出来,将为我们对于明代中叶广东海上中西交往及沿海海防增加新的认识,对于早期中葡关系史及明代海防史具有极为重要的意义。

A Study on Quanhaitu Zhu-Guangdong Yanhaitu by SongYingchang of Ming Dynasty

Quanhaitu Zhu(Annotations of Atlas of ChinaSeas)is an important coastal defense map in history of Ming Dynasty,in which many source and information were exclusivelycontained.Oneof the maps,entitled GuangdongYanhaitu(Coastal MapofGuangdong),reveals andrecords some important maritime eventsthat occurred from the End of Zhengde to the Beginning of Wanli in the middle of Ming Dynasty,such as FanchuanAo(Foreign Sailing ShipHarbor)and FanhuoAo(ForeignCargoHarbor)where Portuguese traded in China;the issue of battlefield’s geographical location of the Sino-Portuguese"Xicao WanBattle";the earliest appearance of Macao’sChinese name"HaojingAo",the establishment of the first Chinese village after the opening of Macao;the prevalence andsuppression of Guangdong pirates in the Ming Dynasty.With the exploration of the above important events and historical facts,the study of this map will increase our new understanding of the Sino-Western relationshipand coastal defense in Guangdong in the mid-Ming Dynasty.