豫东平原古城淮阳城湖湿地历史景观探析--兼论科罗纳(CORONA)影像资料的解读与运用

本文以河南淮阳古城城湖为例,探讨历史时期华北平原城市湖塘湿地的自然生态与人文景观。适应于华北平原水资源时空分布不均、旱涝灾害易发的水环境,传统城市中以雨洪为主要水源的湖塘水体,是具有较大幅度水位变化、旱涝交替的湿地景观。不仅为多种动植物提供了栖息地,也与城市居民的生产生活建立了广泛而紧密的联系,从文化休闲、日常用水,到适应湿地水域内不同水土条件及其旱涝变化的农业生产和土地利用,塑造了独特的文化景观,对当代华北平原城市的水景观建设具有参照意义。拍摄于1960-1972年间的科罗纳卫星影像,以高分辨率、多时相等特点,能够展示湿地景观的旱涝变化和土地利用的适应性变化,为研究历史时期的湿地景观提供了重要的图像资料。

Historical Lakes and Ponds Landscape of Cities in the North China Plain: A Case Study of Huaiyang and the Interpretation Methodology of CORONA Satellite Images

This paper explores the ecology and cultural landscapes consisted by lakes and ponds in ancient cities of the North China Plain through the case study of Huaiyang city, eastern Henan Province. Adapted to the water environment of North China which is uneven in precipitation distribution and prone to both flood and drought, the lakes and ponds originating mainly from rainfall and floodwater were seasonal wetland landscapes with wide fluctuations in water levels. From a historical perspective, these wetland landscapes not only support various wetland plants and animals, but also established extensive connections with the daily lives of local residents, from recreation and cultural activities, domestic water uses, to agricultural production. These land uses adapted to the different water and soil conditions and the periodic changes of wetland landscapes, creating distinctive cultural landscapes which provide inspirations for water landscape development in contemporary cities of the North China Plain. High-resolution and multi temporal CORONA satellite photos acquired in 1960-1972 can effectively illustrate the complex and dynamic changes of wetland landscapes. These remote sensing data served as valuable supplementary materials for further historical landscape studies.