广州增城墨依山玉器材质和受沁过程分析

为综合研究出土玉器的风化机理,正确评估玉器的保存状况,本研究采用物相、成分和电镜等方法对2016年广州重要考古发现——增城墨依山玉器进行了材质和结构分析,确认了墨依山玉器材质为透闪石。在此基础上,对玉器周边土壤进行了物相、成分、结构和酸碱度等分析,并结合玉器本体和遗址气候条件,综合探讨了强酸性环境下墨依山玉器的受沁过程。本研究有助于丰富对玉器风化机理的认识,有利于科学制定玉器的保护措施。

Study of the materials and alteration of jade artifacts excavated from Moyishan Site in Guangzhou

Jade artifacts excavated from Moyishan Site in Zengcheng District were important archaeological findings in Guangzhou in 2016. In order to investigate the mechanism of weathering and to evaluate the state of preservation of the Moyishan jade, we analyzed the materials and structure of the Moyishan jade, using Raman spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (SEM-EDX). The results confirm for the first time that the main material of the jade is tremolite. Moreover, we also analyzed the phase, composition and structure as well as pH value of the soil around the jade. Combining the analytical results of the jade and the soil and the climatic conditions of the site, we finally explored the alteration characteristics of the Moyishan jade in a strongly acidic environment. The study could help to enrich the understanding of the mechanism of weathering of jade, which will be conducive to formulating protective measures for loosing jade in a scientific way.