甘肃张家川马家塬战国墓地M4出土料珠研究

甘肃马家塬墓地是战国晚期至秦初的西戎墓地,本研究以该墓地M4出土的料珠为研究对象,以期通过分析其成分和结构特征,讨论其工艺特征,以丰富对战国时期费昂斯的相关认识。研究使用扫描电子显微镜-能谱和激光拉曼光谱仪,分析结果显示料珠为费昂斯制品,其釉层玻璃化程度很高,经历腐蚀后熔剂流失严重,明显区别于西周时期的费昂斯制品。同时确定釉层中的一些高锡颗粒物为SnO_2,表明当时在釉层制作中加入锡石或锡粉末。该费昂斯制品应采取了直接施釉或包埋施釉工艺。研究结果可为我国费昂斯发展历程演变提供信息。

Scientific research on a Warring States bead from Majiayuan Cemetery

Majiayuan Cemetery is located in Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous County, Gansu Province. Many types of beads have been excavated from Tomb M4 of the cemetery. In this work, one of the beads was chosen as a sample in order to study its glaze, which was completely detached from the body part. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and micro-Raman spectrometry were applied to the analyses of microstructure and composition. The results show that the sample is a faience bead with a highly vitrified glaze. Because of corrosion, the flux in the glaze was below the detection limit. The application glazing method or cementation glazing method might be used for this bead. The crystal particles in the glaze were identified as tin dioxide (SnO₂), indicating that tin powder might have been added deliberately. The results also reveal another additive of tin (Sn) instead of lead (Pb) as the flux in faience glaze-making during the Warring States Period of ancient China.