天津博物馆文物库房部分文物与囊匣中霉菌的分离与鉴定

馆藏文物中的书画、古籍、档案、纺织品和竹木漆器等有机质文物,常常受到霉菌的破坏。为了解文物库房有机质文物中霉菌病害现状,寻找适合的防治方法,利用显微形态观察和分子生物学方法,对四个库房内文物材料与囊匣上滋生的霉菌进行采样、培养、分离和鉴定。实验分离出的14株菌株通过形态观察和分子生物学鉴定为6个属,包括毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)、畸枝霉属(Malbranchea)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、派伦霉属(Peyronellaea)和枝孢属(Cladosporium)等,其中毛壳菌属数量最多,曲霉属次之,多数为能对文物产生危害的常见菌种,亟待采取有效防治措施。实验结果可为今后霉菌的防治工作提供依据。

Isolation and identification of fungi from some cultural relics and packaging boxes in Tianjin Museum storerooms

Organic cultural relics such as Chinese paintings and calligraphy, ancient books, archives, textiles and lacquerware stored in museums often suffer from fungal contamination. In order to investigate fungal contamination of such cultural relics and to find effective methods to inhibit biodeterioration, we sampled, cultivated, isolated and identified fungi from some cultural relics and packaging boxes in four antique storerooms, using microscopic observation and molecular biological methods. Fourteen fungal strains were isolated from the cultural relic surfaces. Six genera, namely, Chaetomium, Malbranchea, Aspergillus, Peyronellaea, Comoclathris and Cladosporium, were identified by morphological observation and molecular biological methods. Chaetomium was the most prevalent, followed by Aspergillus. Most of these fungi can not only cause severe aesthetical damage to cultural relics, but also alter their material structures. Therefore, it is urgent that effective preventative and protective measures be taken. In this regard, the experimental results from this study could provide a scientific basis for related work in the future.