新疆宋元时期也木勒遗址出土玻璃的工艺与成分研究

也木勒遗址位于新疆维吾尔自治区塔城地区额敏县,是北方丝绸之路上的重镇,考古发掘确定其为宋元时期的大型遗址。为探讨该遗址出土玻璃的成型工艺和来源,本研究以该遗址中的9个玻璃碎片作为对象,通过观察成型工艺,并利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(LA-ICP-AES)技术分析样品的化学成分。结果显示,这批素面透明的玻璃片为无模吹制而成的日常实用器皿,成分上属于钠钙玻璃体系,Na_2O含量低,K_2O含量较高,并含有P_2O_5,助熔剂可能是含有草木灰的混合碱,成分特征与同时期葱岭以西中亚地区、新疆地区生产的玻璃器相似。结合新疆同时期玻璃器发现,多是装饰简洁,出土地点等级一般的普通实用性器皿,说明玻璃器已进入平民的日常生活之中,反映出新疆地方民族政权较中原地区先融合了中西亚将玻璃器作为日常生活用具的文化,形成了与中原玻璃器功用的差异之处。研究结果为丰富国内宋元时期新疆玻璃器的研究资料,揭示新疆地区玻璃器的使用面貌,探讨宋元时期少数民族地方政权的文化交流提供重要信息。

Manufacturing technologies and chemical compositions of glass fragments from the Yemule Site in Xinjiang

Located in Emin County, Xinjiang, the Yemule Site dates back to the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Yemule was an important city along the northern branch of the Silk Road during that period. In this study, we analyzed the compositions and manufacturing technologies of nine glass fragments from the Yemule Site. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (LA-ICP-AES) was applied to determine the major and minor elements in the unweathered areas of the fragments. The results show that these glass fragments are transparent, undecorated and of low quality, indicating they belong to common daily vessels. Furthermore, the compositional results for the soda-lime silica system with a high content of potassium oxide (K₂O) suggest a technical connection with plant ash glass or mixed-alkali glass from Central Asia. This study demonstrates that there were close material and cultural exchanges between the Yemule and Central Asian cities. Also, most of the glass vessels from that period found in Xinjiang are ordinary ones with simple decorations, similar to those from the Yemule Site. This indicates that the popularity of glass vessels was high and that civilians used glass vessels as common utensils at that time, which was different in functions and levels from other regions. These results, in addition to the results of previous excavations in Xinjiang, provide information on cultural exchanges of local governments in this region during the Song and Yuan Dynasties.