陕西咸阳出土东汉陶器表面彩绘成分研究

为掌握陕西省咸阳市渭城区周陵镇费家村南两座东汉墓葬M17和M19出土15件陶器表面彩绘成分及保存现状,通过XRF,XRD,FTIR和SEM-EDS等分析仪器进行检测。经分析检测发现:M17出土6件陶器表面使用铅丹作为颜料,部分铅丹已转化为白色碳酸铅(PbCO_3)。M19出土陶器表面分别使用朱砂和铁红颜料,同时确定在部分器物表面使用了髹漆工艺。在M19出土的3件器物口沿处发现二氧化锡层,通过扫描电镜能谱分析和文献研究,确定其应为单质锡氧化而来,且使用锡汞齐方法镀锡,为进一步认识和理解这批器物提供了基础。

Compositional and technical study of polychrome layers on Eastern Han ceramics excavated from Xianyang

In order to investigate materials and the states of preservation of polychrome layers on fifteen ceramics unearthed from Tombs M17 and M19 of the Eastern Han Dynasty at Feijiacun Village in Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, we conducted analyses using a variety of methods, including X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS). The results show that 1) red lead was used as a pigment on six ceramics unearthed from Tomb M17, the presence of lead carbonate (PbCO₃) in the red lead pigment indicating that discoloration of some of the red lead have occurred due to the burial environment; 2) cinnabar and iron oxide were used as pigments on ceramics unearthed from Tomb M19, and five ceramics thereof were decorated with lacquer; and 3) as determined by SEM, the rim of three ceramics from Tomb M19 has a tin oxide layer resulting from oxidation of the original metallic tin; and according to literature research, tin amalgam is a possible decorating method for rims of the ceramics in our study. The results may provide a basis for further understandings of the ceramics.