从赋税来源与用途看英国近代议会与税收

16世纪始,英国处于由封建社会向近代社会转型的过程中,其税制相对完备。主要表现为议会掌握着税收大权:一方面,赋税的征收权由议会掌握,国王要征税需征得议会同意。另一方面,赋税的开支和使用亦由议会监督。倘若有国王试图与议会争夺赋税大权则必然招致议会和全国人民的反对而最终失败。在议会掌握税收大权的背景下,赋税的用途亦有所变化,开始了由主要用于战争向用于政府日常开支和社会福利支出的转变。本文试图从都铎王朝、斯图亚特王朝和光荣革命后三个时段阐述英国赋税的来源与用途及与议会的关系。通过对英国近代赋税来源与用途的分析,了解现代化税制的建立对英国成为世界上第一个现代化国家的重要意义,从中汲取可资借鉴的成果。

Parliament and Tax of Modern England from the Perspective of Sources and Applications of Tax

In the early sixteenth century when England was in transforming process of moderrnmazation,the tax system was relatively fledged,which reflected in that the tax authority was in hand of parliament by controlling taxation which should be approved by parliament if kings asked for tax collection and supervising expense and employment of tax.There would be a probability of failure by the opposition from parliament and people in England if a king attempts to contest against parliament for the tax power.Under the...