马克思给查苏利奇《复信草稿》中的农业公社问题

给维·伊·查苏利奇的《复信草稿》是研究马克思晚年思想的重要文献。在《复信草稿》中,马克思对俄国的农村公社、农业生产的集体形式作了综合性的概述,并且在探讨人类历史上公社发展阶段的同时,提出了农业公社的概念。但半个多世纪以来,学术界经常把农业公社与农村公社两个概念等同起来,认为马克思所说的农业公社的特点就是农村公社的特点。这不仅不符合经典作家的原意,而且也影响到人们对公社发展阶段的认识。本文认为,《复信草稿》中的农村公社与农业公社是不能简单等同的两个概念,农业公社的提法是马克思的一种新的理论尝试,但其本身并不成熟,马克思最后放弃了农业公社的提法。

On the Issue of Agricultural Commune in the Draft Letters of Marx to Zasulich

Drafts of the letter to Vera Zasulich is an important document for studying the thought of Marx in his old age,in which Marx made a comprehensive overview of the rural commune and the collective form of agricultural production in Russia,and put forward the concept of agricultural commune when approaching the developing stage of communes in the history of mankind.But over half century,the two concepts of rural commune and agricultural commune are often considered as the same thing in academic circles,and the...