早期游牧文化起源问题探析

以整个欧亚草原为视角,对比资料相对丰富且具有代表性的内蒙古东南部、萨彦-阿尔泰地区和黑海北岸三个地区畜牧向游牧转变期的材料,对早期游牧起源问题提出自己的一些看法。研究表明,公元前8世纪以前这三个地区都存在自身特色明显、畜牧业发达的遗存,但其中只有萨彦-阿尔泰地区可能已经转变成游牧经济,而内蒙古东南部和黑海地区在同时期可能还没有进入真正的游牧社会。欧亚草原地区各地早期游牧的起源不是同步的,也不是一条直线发展的,最早的游牧很有可能出现在远离发达农业文明且畜牧业发达的草原地带,而与发达农业文明毗邻且与之关系密切的地区游牧则产生的晚一些。

The Research on the Origin of Early Nomad

From the view of the entire Eurasia Steppe,this article raises some ideas on the origin of early nomad in steppe area by comparing the materials from southeast of Inner Mongolia,Sayan-Altai and northern bank of the Black Sea,the areas with comparatively rich and more representative materials. The research reveals that there were distinctive remains of advanced pastoral in all three areas before 800 BC. But only that in Sayan-Altai has transferred into nomadic economy. It hasn’ t been real nomadic society in southeast of Inner Mongolia and the Black Sea during the same period. The origins of early nomad in steppe areas were not simultaneous and the development was not straight. The earliest nomad might occur in the steppe areas which were far away from the advanced agricultural civilization and with advanced pastroalism. Nomad in areas that near and have close connection with advanced agricultural civilization started late.