古代(战国)丝织品的降解特征初探

为深入了解研究古丝绸的降解特征，对新鲜丝绸和古丝绸进行对比研究，采用了包括扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、X-射线衍射仪、差热分析仪等现代仪器分析方法，从宏观到微观对古丝织品进行了多角度、多层次的综合分析。结果表明，古代丝绸在复杂的地下环境下，受酸、碱、盐和微生物的综合作用，丝绸的宏观形貌、分子结构发生了明显变化。古丝绸的质地也不再有蚕茧那么致密均匀，丝蛋白的构像发生了变化，肽键断裂，碳碳键断裂，结晶度变小，热稳定性变差，使之失去了原有的强度。了解这些降解特征对采取正确的保存保护古丝绸具有重要的意义。

Preliminary research on degradation characteristics of ancient (Warring States Period)silk

To fully understand the degradation characterstics of ancient silk,a fresh silk sample was compared with ancient samples.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)were used to characterize the modern and ancient silk.The analysis was carried on in a multi-factor and multi-arrangement way so as to characterize both macro- scopical and microcosmic aspects of the silk samples.The results showed that the appearance and molecular struc- ture of the ancient samples change obviously due to the complex underground environment,due to the combined effects of microorganisms,groundwater,acid,alkali and salts.The texture of ancient silk was less compact and u- niform than silk in a cocoon,and the molecular configuration changed obviously,as seen by broken peptide and carbon-carbon bonds,and lowered crystallinity and heat stability.All of these changes led to a reduction of silk's original strength.Understanding these degradation characteristics is very important to conservation of ancient silk.