评析美国安乐死合法化的进程

二战后的美国安乐死运动是民主权利运动与医疗技术革命的产物,经历了"死亡权利"运动与"尊严死亡"运动两个阶段。"死亡权利"运动推动各州制定《自然死亡法》,确认病人有拒绝治疗的死亡权利。"尊严死亡"运动以创制公民投票法案方式在俄勒冈和华盛顿州成功制定《尊严死亡法》,实现医生协助晚期病人自杀合法化。文章还分析了安乐死的道德及权利之争,同时也探讨了联邦最高法院认可俄勒冈等州依法进行的协助自杀合法化实验。

The Legalization Course of Euthanasia in America

The legalization of America Euthanasia was the effect of the Democratic Rights Movement and the Medical Technology Revolution after the World War II,which experienced "the rights to die" movement and "the death with dignity" movement.The former put forward state legislatures enacted the Natural Death Acts to affirm the patients’ rights to choose death and refuse the medical treatment.The latter made Oregon and Washington state enact the Death with Dignity act successfully by advancing initiative act,which achieved the legalization of the physician-assisted suicide of the terminal patients.The last part of the article examines the controversy of morality and rights of the euthanasia,the U.S.Supreme Court’s ratification of the experimentation of the physician-assisted suicide implementing in the Oregon.