清代抚民厅制度形成过程初探

抚民厅是清代独有的地方行政制度与行政区划,由明代的派遣厅(府同知、通判的派出机构)演变而来。这两种厅在清代长期共存,需要有一个标准将两者区分开来。区分的标准应该由清代官方文献的记载和现代政治地理学理论结合而成。在此标准之下,通过对《清实录》、地方志中相关记载的疏理,认为抚民厅制度萌芽于明代末期,在清代设立新厅的过程中不断得到完善,乾隆十二年(1734年)潼关抚民厅的出现,标志着抚民厅制度的全面形成。

The Study on Formation of Fumin Ting System in the Qing Dynasty

Fumin Ting was a special kind of the local administrative system and administrative region in the Qing Dynasty. It was developed from Dispatch Ting that was a kind of dispatch institute of Fu Tongzhi and Tongpan on that time. Because both of them worked in the Qing Dynasty, so a kind of standard has to be established to distinguish them. In this paper, a standard has built according to the records in official archives and theory of political geography. Using the standard, the has analyzed the records in Qing Shilu and chorography, then he has gotten the conclusion that the system of Fumin Ting emerged in late of Ming Dynasty and developed in the setting up of new Tings. The milestone of Fumin Ting system coming into being was that Tongguan Fumin Ting was established in 1734.