《晋书·载记》的正统观及其成因

《晋书》以"载记"之体记述十六国史,融伪史入正史,蕴涵着史家对十六国历史的肯定。它以东晋为正统,这一书法的形成,与其史料来源大有关系。唐初所存的十六国史,不少出于南北朝史官之手,尤其是《十六国春秋》和《三十国春秋》,皆黜十六国为僭伪,但同时又在书法上肯定其历史地位,其褒贬对《晋书·载记》正统观的形成都产生了重大影响。另外,《晋书》不以前凉、西凉二政权入"载记",其理据颇可怀疑,但它打破了正统与僭伪的界限,折射出南北统一、民族融合后的历史心理。

The Theory of Legitimacy in JINSHU ZAIJI and its Formation

The history of the Sixteen States is written in the style of ZAIJI in JINSHU. As the history of the illegitimate regime, the fact that it is integrated into the official history contains the historians' approval to it. The formation of JINSHU narrative style which regards the East Jin as the legitimate regime, is connected with its source of historical materials. Many of the historical records of the Sixteen States preserved in the Early Tang Dynasty are written by the historians of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Especially, SHILIUGUO CHUNQIU and SANSHIGUO CHUNQIU both degrade the Sixteen States as the illegitimate regime, and at the same time approve its historical status. The pros and cons both influence importantly the formation of the theory of Legitimacy expressed in JINSHU ZAIJI. In addition, the history records of Qian Liang and Xi Liang regimes are excluded from JINSHU ZAIJI. The reason of it is unclear but it broke the boundary between the legitimate and the illegitimate, and reflects the mentality after the unification of the South and the North and the integration of different nationalities.