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Experimental Tests of Middle Palaeolithic Spear Points Using a Calibrated Crossbow
Institution:1. Anthropology Department, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY, 11794-4364, U.S.A.;2. Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY, 11794-4364, U.S.A.;1. Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Germany;2. Center for Applied Geosciences, Hydrogeology, University of Tübingen, Germany;3. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Arizona, USA;4. Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart, Landesamt für Denkmalpflege, Germany;5. Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Germany;6. Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Germany;1. Department of Anthropology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA;2. SEARCH, Inc, New Orleans, LA 70115, USA;3. Department of Anthropology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA;4. Arkansas Archeological Survey, University of Arkansas-Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA;1. Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain;2. Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic;3. Ferenc Rákóczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian Institute, Berehove, Ukraine;4. Institute of archaeology NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine;1. University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS UMR 7264 CEPAM, Campus Saint-Jean-d''Angély, 24, avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex, France;2. University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Università di Pisa, CNRS UMR 7264 CEPAM, Campus Saint-Jean-d''Angély, 24, avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex, France;3. Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Civiltà e Forme del Sapere, Via Galvani 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy;4. Universita di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Corso Ercole I d''Este 32, 44100 Ferrara, Italy;1. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan;2. Yamagata Prefectural Center for Archaeological Research, Nakayama-Kabeyashiki 5608, Kaminoyama, Yamagata, 999-3246, Japan;1. School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia;2. Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia;3. ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, EpicAustralia.org.au, Australia;4. Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, Jena 07745, Germany;5. Human Evolution Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Abstract:Controlled experiments using a calibrated crossbow to thrust stone-tipped spears into animal carcasses reveal a relationship between Levallois point morphology and their performance as spear points. A comparative study of morphometric variation of Levallois points from Levantine Mousterian contexts supports the hypothesis that the demand for stone spear points was an important factor in Levallois point production.
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