The Last Domicile of the Iceman from Hauslabjoch: A Geochemical Approach Using Sr,C and O Isotopes and Trace Element Signatures |
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| Institution: | 1. Environmental Division, Arsenal Research, Faradaygasse 3, A-1030, Vienna, Austria;2. Dept Geology, University of Vienna and Environmental Agency, Althanstr. 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria;3. Dept Anthropology, Natural History Museum, Burgring 7, A-1014, Vienna, Austria;4. Dept Isotope Geology, Free University, DeBoelelaan 1085, NL-1081HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands;5. Upper Austria State Government, Water Protection Laboratory, Goethestraße 86, A-4020, Linz, Austria;6. Dept Anatomy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria;7. Dept Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, NL-6200MD, Maastricht, Netherlands;1. ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5276, LGL-TPE, F-69007, Lyon, France;2. Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MC, PACEA, UMR 5199, F-33600, Pessac, France;3. Bristol Isotope Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queen''s Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK;4. Departamento de Geologia, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain;5. Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;6. Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain;7. Tulane University; Department of Anthropology, 101 Dinwiddie Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA;8. University of the Witwatersrand; Evolutionary Studies Institute, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa;9. Musée national de Préhistoire, 1 rue du Musée, 24620, Les Eyzies-de-Tayac Sireuil, France;10. Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic;1. Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa;2. Department of Human Evolution, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;3. Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, 6303 N.W. Marine Drive, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada;4. Department of Archaeology, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;1. Department of Anthropology, 13-15 HM Tory Building, University of Alberta, T6G2H4, Canada;2. Department of History and Classics, 2-28 HM Tory Building, University of Alberta, T6G2H4, Canada;3. Department of Classics, 515 Portage Ave., University of Winnipeg, R3B2E9, Canada;4. Larissa Ephorate of Antiquities, Diachronic Museum of Larissa, Greece;1. Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planète, Environnement, UMR CNRS 5276 (CNRS, ENS, Université Lyon1), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France;2. Department of Geology and Geophysics & Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA |
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| Abstract: | We present Sr, C and O isotope ratios and quantitative ratios of trace element ratios in the rib and the femur of the Tyrolean Iceman “Ötzi”. The results from the rib and the femur are compared with those obtained from pre-industrial historic human skull bone fragments collected in the late 19th century from charnel houses located on different geological backgrounds throughout North and South Tyrol. Comparison of strontium isotope data from the bone fragments locates the Iceman's domicile, during the last 5 to 10 years of his life, to the crystalline part of the Central Alps. Statistical analysis of the trace element ratios, together with oxygen isotope results, suggests that the Iceman probably spent most of his last years in southern elevated part of the Ötztal. However, the results from Iceman only represent those from a single individual and are not a representative average of a group. It cannot therefore be established with absolute certainty that the original trace element signatures were conserved, especially during the first stage of mummification. Our conclusions should therefore be regarded as tentative, but nevertheless the best possible indication his domicile, and a stimulus for further research. |
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