城市旅游与城市发展的动态模式探讨

旅游发展与城市发展密不可分，城市发展与旅游发展是处于动态的发展之中，既相互促进、又相互制约，因此在不同的地域和城市发展阶段，城市发展和城市旅游发展的行为表现出非线性特征和多种模式。本研究总结了和研究了旅游城市化、都市城市旅游、环城游憩带、旅游与城市转型、旅游城镇的衰落等城市旅游与城市发展的动态模式，并建立城市旅游与发展的一般反馈模型，找出导致城市发展和城市旅游发展非线性特征的内部结构。研究表明驱动城市旅游增长的正反馈结构力量不够大，而旅游和城市增长引发的负反馈机制在短期内就会蓄积力量，限制城市旅游的进一步增长。城市旅游政策只有预见并避免这些限制性结构，同时加强正反馈才能达到长期有效的目标。

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE EXPLORATION OF THE DYNAMIC PATTERNS BETWEEN URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND URBAN TOURISM

Although many urban planners and policy makers have proposed urban tourism development as urban development and management tool, the effectiveness of theses urban tourism policies can be obtained without the understanding of the complex interactions between the tourism development and urban development. Tourism development and urban development are closely intertwined and interacting dynamically. In addition to that, both tourism development and urban development have demonstrated the non-linear development pattern. Therefore the various patterns demonstrating the non-linear behaviors between two have been observed in different geographical area or in different stage of tourism development and the effectiveness of the present urban tourism policies is questionable. The study has summarized some patterns of urban tourism and urban development such as tourism urbanization, metropolitan tourism development, suburban tourism development and decay of tourism town etc. Although tourism is recognized as one of the major forces for urbanization in many underdevelopment areas, unmanaged urbanization reduces the attractiveness of the tourism attractions and therefore limits further urbanization through tourism. Tourism is also used as a quick fix to the problem of urban decline. Yet the commercialization of the urban heritage and competition to hold the large events not only drain the financial capacity of the city but also has negative impact on the cultural heritage. It has been found out that tourism development and urban development not only reinforce each other but also constrain each other. The positive feedbacks which drives the growth of urban tourism and urban development and which provide supportive arguments to the tourism development polices are always constrained by the negative feedback loops brought out by the growth itself. Effective urban tourism polices have to target at taking proactive methods to eradiate the limiting structures and reinforce the positive feedback.