清代中外西藏阿里的自然地理知识初探

清代西藏阿里地区虽然与中原内地相距绝远,然而在清代前期中央国家的积极努力之下,中原内地对阿里的自然地理知识的获得取得了相当大的成就,尤其是对阿里地区的名山大川的分布及其详情在感性认识层面上达到了相当的高度,然而这种势态没能继续发展下去,从清代中后期开始,这一热情逐渐消退,相关的自然地理知识增长缓慢。另一方面,从清代中后期开始,西方殖民者和探险家进入西藏,对阿里地区进行了一系列的近代地理学的勘测和总结,世人所知的阿里自然地理知识有了迅速发展,形成了一系列丰富的内容。本文拟以清代中原地区的官私著作和西方探险家的考察报告、游记等材料,重现清代西藏阿里自然地理知识的累积过程和发展水平。

The Knowledge of Physical Geography of mNgaris for Internal and External in Qing Dynasty

Although in Qing Dynasty,the mNgaris prefecture is far from the central China,the inlander of China also possessed large information of the physical geography of mNgaris by the endeavor of central government. They clearly know the distribution of the Mountain and the River of mNgaris,whose knowledge had reached the height. But these trend hadn't last a long time,since the middle and later periods of Qing dynasty our knowledge for mNgaris had been increasing slowly. On the other hand,since the later Qing dynasty,the west colonia and explorer went into Tibet,they took a large of survey and summary on physical geography of Tibet mNgaris,the knowledge of phsycal geography of mNgaris had increasingly developments,forming a serial of knowledge of the mNgaris prefecture.