基于出行调查和GIS分析的县域公共服务设施配置评价研究——以德兴市医疗设施为例

针对传统的县域公共服务设施布局分析主要考虑空间可达性的问题,提出一套更全面和贴近实际的公共服务设施配置评价方法体系。公共服务设施配置评价应能反映服务设施的空间可达性、服务质量、居民的需求与选择三方面内容,为此应综合采用GIS、问卷调查、出行路线图分析等多种技术。在具体操作上,提出"建立县域公共服务设施等级体系--基于时间距离的设施可达性计算--考虑个体行为选择的服务区划分--基于服务区的设施使用状况评价"的"四步法"。主要有两个创新点:①引入了基于出行调查的服务区分析,反映了设施的异质性带来的居民的自主选择和跨区域流动情况;②对设施服务质量的考虑更全面,不仅限于传统的设施规模,还考虑了医生水平、硬件设备、科室设置等因素。

A STUDY OF COUNTY PUBLIC SERVICE FACILITIES DISTRIBUTION ASSESSMENT BASED ON BEHAVIOR INVESTIGATION AND GIS: A CASE STUDY OF MEDICAL FACILITIES IN DEXING

On the specific operation, this paper puts forward a "four steps" approach. First of all, a hierarchical structure of county public service facilities should be established, which generally contains three-tiered system at county-township-village. Secondly, we should calculate the facilities' spatial accessibility. Here we use commuting time instead of spatial distance as a measuring standard and consider the road network and travel mode, more in line with the actual situation of the county. Thirdly, we divide the actual service area based on the travel map analysis, which can reflect the residents' independent choices and cross-regional movement on account of the quality differences among the service facilities. The researchers can find the places where the cross-regional movement phenomenon is apparent and analyze the cause. At last, according to the actual service area, we can do further evaluation of the service facilities' quality, efficiency, availability and so on, which help to find the do a better public service facilities planning.