云冈石窟洞窟形制的特征与布局

云冈石窟的洞窟形制反映了北魏时期的建筑特征。现存实物中北魏木结构建筑难以寻觅，但云冈石窟洞窟形制的特征，对于研究中国建筑史有着重要的参考价值。其依开凿洞窟时间的早晚而显出有规律的变化，各个时期均有所不同，可划分为四大类。本从这四类形制的特征作以浅议。

A Study on the Character of the Structure and the Composition of the Grottos of Yungang Grotto

ZHANG Hua The shapes of the caves in the Yungang Grottoes demonstrated the features of the architectures of the Northern Wei dynasty.The wood en architectures of the Northrn Wei d ynasty are hardly found so far at presend.The features of the shapes of the caves in the Yungang Gro ttoes can be rated as the important materials to the study of the history of the ancient Chinese architecture.The caves in the Yungang Grottooes can be divided into four types based on when they are carved and how they e-volved.This article aims to make a pr eliminary study of the features of th e four types of the caves in the Yungang Grottoes.