先秦时期墓上建筑研究

本文对先秦时期的墓上建筑进行类型学分析,总结了各时期墓上建筑的特点和分布状况。商代已出现墓上建筑,但为数很少,与等级无关,其源头还不能找出合理的答案。西周除商系前掌大墓地极少数西周早期墓葬沿用墓上建筑外,其他地区基本不见墓上建筑,北吕ⅤM301属孤例。墓上建筑的再度出现为春秋时期,见于雍城秦公陵园,战国时期在三晋地区流行开来,但其他地区不见。东周时期采用墓上建筑的,均为高级贵族。

Study of Aboveground Tomb-structures in Pre-Qin Times

Through a typological study of Pre-Qin aboveground tomb-structures the present paper sums up their distinctive features and regional distribution in different periods.This type of tomb-stucture rose in the Shang Period,but it is recorded in a small number and is not concerned with hierarchy,and there has no rational solution as to its origin for the time being.In the Western Zhou,only a few early graves in the Qianzhangda Cemetery that belong to the Shang system are furnished with aboveground tomb-structures;and on the whole,on superstructues have been on the tombs of the other regions except for Beilü-VM301 as the only special vestige.The second time of appearance of aboveground tomb-structures was in the Spring-and-Autumn Period as recorded in the Duke Qin tomb-garden at Yongcheng.In the Warring States Period,this type of tomb-structure prevailed in the territories of the Han,Zhao and Wei states,but no evidence has been in the other areas.In all cases the Eastern Zhou tombs with superstructure are burials of higher-rank aristocrats.