我国石窟寺保护现状及发展探析

石窟寺是我国传承脉络最为清晰、关联性最为密切、体系最为完整、内容最为丰富、真实性和完整性保存最好同时也最为脆弱的文物类别,其保存状况与地质条件、气候条件关系密切。1949年以来石窟寺保护相继经历了环境清理及除险、多学科合作综合性保护、预防性保护与大规模本体修复等三个阶段。目前石窟寺保护理念基本形成共识,加固保护技术日趋成熟,基本技术标准陆续编制,保护材料的研发和水害治理取得新成果,但依然面临水害、风化病害等威胁,呈现出整体发展不平衡、本体修复保护刚刚起步、具体个案的保护实践存在争议等现状。今后应加强基础研究工作,转变工作思路和方式,重视本体保护和预防性保护,积极开展石窟寺窟檐保护研究和示范工程。

Current Status and Future Development of Cave Temples Protection in China

Cave temples are a category of relics in China that have the clearest lineage of history, clo-sest correlations, most complete system of development, richest content, best authenticity and integrity but are the most vulnerable.They show distinct topographical features.Their conditions are closely related to lo-cal climate.Since 1949,the protection of cave temples in China has gone through three stages:environmen-tal clean-up and risk elimination, multidisciplinary comprehensive protection, and preventive protection with large-scale restoration on carvings. At present, the conceptual ideas on cave temples protection have reached a consensus; the technology of reinforcement is maturing; the basic technical standards have been gradually formulated;new achievements have been made in the research and application of protection mate-rials and water damage control.However,they still face the threat of cleavage,water damage,weathering and human activities.The overall development is unbalanced;The stone carving conservation and restoration has just initiated;Some individual restoration cases have caused controversy.In the future,we should attach im-portance to basic research work, change working ideas and methods, improve scientific and technological work in conservation,strengthen the cultivation of conservation professionals,and actively carry out research and demonstration projects on the protection of cave eaves.