溯源与新解:论文物古迹“原状”

"原状"认识来源于西方经典保护理论,历经启蒙运动、法国大革命和反修复等社会运动。至19世纪,其思想内涵不断发生变化,从单纯地强调"原物""原状"发展到将历史真实的"原状"观念扩大到历史时间和"环境"等更大的对象范畴。20世纪以来,经典保护理论走向成熟,"原状"也真正从追求"原物真实"走向了传递其蕴含的"价值意义"。"不改变原状"是我国文物古迹保护的核心原则,经历了"初建时的原状""整旧如旧"、对于"原状"的多元释义、"体现价值的状态"等四个阶段。文化遗产的保护要从原物、原信息、原地点、原场所精神、原用途五个方面综合考虑"原状",才能真正保护好遗产的价值。

Review and Reinterpretation:The"Original State"of Heritage

The notion of keeping the heritage property in its"original state"has its root in western clas-sical heritage conservation theories. Going through the ages of Enlightenment, the French Re-volution and other social movements, by the 19th century its connotation, which solo focused on the"original objects"and"original condition", had been expanded to have included original"times"and"environments". Since the 20th century, with the further development of the classical theories in the field, the notion of"original state"has shifted its focus from the"truthfulness"to the"significance"that the heritage item carries.Being a key principal for heritage conservation in China, the notion"keeping the cultural relics in their original state"has evolved through four stages:"the original form when it was built","restoring the old as it was","diversified interpretations",and"displaying the values".It is suggested that for better protecting the values of heritage the ongoing interpretation of the"original state"should include the"original object","original in-formation","original location","original spirit of place(genius loci)",and"original use".