兰克在新中国史学界的境遇

马克思受德国左翼知识分子的影响,曾对兰克作了否定性的评价,后经苏联学者的进一步发挥,兰克被定格为反动派。马克思的兰克评语早在1945年即已通过苏联学者的论文译介到中国,但最初似无影响,至1960年代初借助各种译著的传布,始被中国史家所熟知,深刻影响了他们对兰克的认知。1958年开始中国史学界推行"兴无灭资"的史学革命,开展两条路线斗争。为了更好批判中外资产阶级史学,1960年代初大陆史学界密集译介兰克的资料,有些史家积极批判兰克,但所凭借的文献多为二手著作,很少有人直接阅读兰克作品。进入"文革"时代,兰克话题已然进入禁区。

The Assessments of Leopold von Ranke in the New China

Impacted by German left-wing intellectuals,Karl Marx had made a negetive criticism on Ranke.And then Ranke was identified as a reactionary after Soviet scholars embroidered Marx’s comment.The comment was introduced into China through Soviet scholars’articles as early as in 1945.But it was well known by Chinese historians and made a great impact on their cognition towards Ranke by the spread of various translated works as late as in the early 1960 s.In 1958 when the historiographical revolution of"fostering proletarian ideology and eliminating bourgeois ideology"sprang up,scholars carried out two-line struggle.To criticize the bourgeois historiography around the world more effectively,in the early 1960 s,historians in the mainland of China translated and introduced books about Ranke intensively,and some historians criticized him actively.However,few historians read Ranke’s original works,and most of the documents they relied on were research works.The topic of Ranke was completely forbidden during the time of the Cultural Revolution.