明代宦官历史教育论析

明代宦官在东宫教育和帝王日讲、经筵乃至日常生活和政治实践中发挥了重要影响,明人亦强调宦官对于帝王历史教育不可或缺的作用。明代宦官经由内书堂和自我学习接受历史教育,其在历史教育实践中与帝王之间表现出某种趋同性特征,并转而影响君主。受中国古代"明君德政"历史教育模式的影响,明代儒臣透过"贤宦良政"和"恶宦劣政"的历史举说或历史书写,推行宦官历史教育,既于内书堂教育中注入历史训诫,又编纂以古今类型化宦官传记史事为内容的专门史鉴书籍。历史教育成为明代儒臣、宦官与帝王三者之间交互沟通和影响的纽带,以历史教育为中心的史学经世致用取向构成明代中后期史学史的时代性内容。

A Study of the History Education for Eunuchs in the Ming Dynasty

The eunuchs not only played an important role in imperial learning for crown princes and the emperorss’daily lectures,but also affected the emperors’daily life and political practice.Meanwhile,the scholars of Ming Dynasty recognized that eunuchs played an important part in the history education of emperors.The history education for eunuchs was achieved by the education of Nei Shutang and eunuchs’self-education.Affected by traditional model of history education,the officials used the good and bad examples of eunuchs in education of Nei Shutang,and edited special historical books including biographies of eunuchs to educate the eunuchs.The history education became the link which combined civil officials,eunuchs and emperors in the Ming Dynasty.And the practical orientation revealed in history education is the characteristics of the historiography in mid-late Ming Dynasty.