《明实录》建文朝科举书写及其意涵

科举是建文历史的重要内容,也是其"文治"的具体表现。然而,《明实录》书写的建文朝科举,既缺乏三级科举考试的正面记载,又大体上掩盖了附传传主建文年间科举中式的信息。本不属于政治敏感性问题的科举史事,因其体现了建文帝泽被天下士子的恩典、妨碍了朱棣"文治"的弘扬,遭到了《明实录》的排斥。这表明实录对建文历史的讳饰,不只限于政治敏感性问题,而是一切有利于建文帝形象的史事。值得注意的是,史官在实录编修中采用春秋笔法披露了建文朝科举的蛛丝马迹,使得相关史事并没有在"国史"话语体系中完全被湮没。这反映出史官与君主在建文历史的认识、评价方面,存在一定的差异,此种现象并非晚明才出现,而是明初已露端倪。

Historical Writing of the Imperial Examinations in Jianwen Era in the MINGSHILU and Its Implications

The imperial examinations were important in the Jianwen Era,and they reflected a belief of civil administration.However,there are few positive records about the imperial examinations during this period in the MINGSHILU.In the meantime,the writers try to avoid mentioning any information about personages’passing examinations in biographies.The reason of vanishing of writing imperial examinations in Jianwen Era in MINGSHILU is that the imperial examinations revealed the Jianwen Emperor’s grace for intellectuals and belittled Yongle Emperor’s reputation.This demonstrates that writers of MINGSHILU not only avoided recording the sensitive political events,but also rejected to record anything praising the Jianwen Emperor.Fortunately,some clues about the imperial examinations in Jianwen Era are recorded implicitly.There are different opinions between the emperors and the official historians on the history of and judgement of Jianwen,which is the normality in the late Ming dynasty,but first appeared in the early Ming.