三星堆遗址二号坑出土部分青铜器表面附着丝绸残留物的发现与研究

四川省文物考古研究院等单位运用超景深显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、显微红外光谱等分析技术,对三星堆遗址二号祭祀坑出土的部分青铜器表面进行了显微观察和检测分析。显微观察结果表明,青铜器表面附着有经纬组织明显的纺织残留物,根据保存状况可以分为纺织实物、炭化物和泥化物;扫描电镜分析结果显示纤维表面光整、截面呈三角形;结合显微红外分析结果,可以确定残留物的原料为蚕丝。实验结果证实了三星堆文化时期丝绸的存在,也探明了丝绸的发现位置,根据赋存状况,推测丝绸与青铜器、金器共同构建了三星堆祭祀文化体系。

Discovery and Study of the Silk Residues Attached to the Surface of Bronze Wares Unearthed from the No.2 Sacrificial Pit of Sanxingdui Site

With the help of three dimensional video microscope, scanning electron microscope(SEM) and micro-FTIR spectroscope, microscopic examination and analysis are carried out on bronze wares unearthed from the No.2 sacrificial pit of Sanxingdui site, which have textiles attach to them. The observation shows that the textile residues have obvious warp and weft structure, which can be classified as residual textile, carbonized textile and muddy textile according to their states of preservation. SEM test reveals that the fibre has a smooth surface and a triangular cross-section. Combined with micro-infrared analysis, it can be said that these residual textiles are silk fabric. The results prove the existence of silk in the Sanxingdui culture, and also verify the location of silk fabric in the sacrificial pit. It is inferred that silk fabric, bronze wares and gold artifacts jointly constitute the sacrificial system of Sanxingdui culture.