西汉张安世墓葬M1墓室内的大气环境调查

了解待发掘封闭墓葬内的大气环境,可为考古发掘和文物保存环境研究提供科学依据。西汉张安世墓园中的M1墓葬是一座未被盗扰的墓室,本研究在墓室开启前,有针对性地监测了墓室内的微气候参数和大气污染物。结果显示,相对于外界大气,密闭的墓室内低温、高湿、缺氧,且酸性气态污染物浓度较低。因此,在考古发掘及后续保存文物时,应针对不同文物材料采取密闭容器、保湿、避光等措施,避免由于环境骤变导致文物的风化损坏。本研究建立的待发掘墓葬大气环境测试体系及基础数据,可为相关考古和文保工作提供有益的借鉴。

Investigation on atmospheric environment in M1tomb chamber of mausoleum ZHANG Anshi, Han Dynasty

Environmental investigation in unexcavated tomb chambers may provide the scientific basis for excavation process, conservation and restoration of antiques. Before M1tomb chamber of mausoleum ZHANG Anshi in Han Dynasty was excavated, microclimate parameters and concentrations of some atmospheric pollutants inside the chambers were monitored. The results showed that the indoor relative humidity was higher and indoor temperature, concentration of oxygen and some acidic gas pollutants were lower than those in outdoor environment. To protect the antiques being excavated, appropriate measures should be deployed, including:employing sealed container, moisture retention, and evading light. The systematic monitoring procedures and dataset obtained can also be referenced in other archaeological investigations and preservation researches.