On the association between the QBO and the extratropical stratosphere |
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| Institution: | 1. Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany;1. Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;2. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China;4. The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, Zhejiang, China;5. Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland;6. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia;1. Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, P.R. China;2. Department of Radiology and Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, P.R. China;3. Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, P.R. China;1. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China;2. Department of Geomatics Engineering, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak 67100, Turkey;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK;2. Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;1. Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Department of Earth Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland;2. Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden;3. Institute of Geophysics, Department of Earth Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | Although diagnostic studies and mechanistic model experiments have found that, on average, the polar vortex in northern winter is stronger and colder in the west than in the east years of the equatorial Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), we show with an expanded data base that the results are not statistically significant. The reason for the insignificance is that in 36% of the winters (13 out of 36) the vortex was warm and weak in the west, and cold and strong in the east years. Only at low activity in the 11-yr solar cycle did the difference between the west (cold) and the east (warm) years become statistically significant. At high solar activity the west years had a warm and the east years a cold polar vortex in the mean. We show this association with the 11-yr solar cycle also in terms of the geostrophic wind. |
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