The E-region Rocket/Radar Instability Study (ERRRIS): scientific objectives and campaign overview |
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| Institution: | 1. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20071, U.S.A.;2. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A.;3. Swedish Institute for Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden;4. Herzberg Institute for Astrophysics, Ottawa, Canada;5. Max-Planck-Institut für Aeronomie, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany;7. University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K.;1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Japan;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ichinomiya Nishi Hospital, Japan;3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asahi Hospital, Japan;1. Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, 80143 Napoli, Italy;2. Consorzio CREATE, via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy;3. DIETI, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy;4. Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Aversa, Italy;5. Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany;6. Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany;7. EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, PPPT, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany;1. Grupo da Causa Humana, Ouro Preto, Brazil;2. Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil;3. Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;4. Department of Computer Science, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;5. Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK;6. Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;7. Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain;8. Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain;9. Department of Computer Science, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil;10. Cité Scientifique, University Lille 1, Lille, France;11. INRIA Lille - Nord Europe Parc Scientifique de la Haute Borne 40, Avenue Halley, Bat A, France;12. Computer Science Laboratory of Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France;1. Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium;2. Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifiques, Brussels, Belgium;3. INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France;4. Sociology and Economics of Networks and Services Laboratory at Orange Experience Design Laboratory Chatillion, Paris, France;5. Center for Biomedical Modeling, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, LA, USA;6. Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France;7. Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Assistance publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France;8. Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire;9. Département de Dermatologie-Infectiologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences Médicales, Université Félix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire;10. IDLIC–Maladies Infectieuses Dans Les Pays à Ressources Limitées, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France;11. Bordeaux Population Health, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France;12. Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;13. Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA;14. Computational Epidemiology Group, Boston Children''s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA |
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| Abstract: | The E-region Rocket/Radar Instability Study (Project ERRRIS) investigated in detail the plasma instabilities in the low altitude (E-region) auroral ionosphere and the sources of free energy that drive these waves. Three independent sets of experiments were launched on NASA sounding rockets from Esrange, Sweden, in 1988 and 1989, attaining apogees of 124, 129 and 176km. The lower apogee rockets were flown into the unstable auroral electrojet and encountered intense two-stream waves driven by d.c. electric fields that ranged from 35 to 115 mV/m. The higher apogee rocket returned fields and particle data from an active auroral arc, yet observed a remarkably quiescent electrojet region as the weak d.c. electric fields (~ 10–15 mV/m) there were below the threshold required to excite two-stream waves. The rocket instrumentation included electric field instruments (d.c. and wave), plasma density fluctuation (δn/n) receivers, d.c. fluxgate magnetometers, energetic particle detectors (ions and electrons), ion drift meters, and swept Langmuir probes to determine absolute plasma density and temperature. The wave experiments included spatially separated sensors to provide wave vector and phase velocity information. All three rockets were flown in conjunction with radar backscatter measurements taken by the 50MHz CUPRI system, which was the primary tool used to determine the launch conditions. Two of the rockets were flown in conjunction with plasma drift, density, and temperature measurements taken by the EISCAT incoherent scattar radar. The STARE radar also made measurements during this campaign. This paper describes the scientific objectives of these rocket/radar experiments, provides a summary of the geophysical conditions during each launch, and gives an overview of the principal rocket and radar observations. |
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