云南少数民族获食模式探讨

获食模式的差异源于人类对不同生态环境的适应。云南少数民族获食模式的多样性,既是各民族对当地生态环境适应的结果,也是各民族饮食结构差异的主要原因,同时反映出云南各少数民族经济社会发展的不平衡性和文化的多样性。本文根据自然环境和生产方式的差异,把云南少数民族的获食模式分为高山峡谷农牧型、刀耕火种-狩猎采集型、山坡梯田灌溉农耕型、河谷盆地灌溉精耕型等类型,并从文化生态学的角度对其地域分布、类型特征、形成原因等进行了分析。

STUDY ON THE PATTERNS OF OBTAINING FOODS OF THE ETHNIC MINORITY IN YUNNAN

The patterns of obtaining foods refer to the methods that people obtain their necessary living materials in certain regions and communities. The patterns of obtaining foods are affected not only by the resource environments but also by the developing level of the productive force, especially by the developing level of science and technology. In Yunnan, there are various patterns of obtaining foods among ethnic minorities because of the complex geographical environments, the deferent level of the productive force of ethnic minorities in various regions.
In this paper, it divides the patterns of obtaining foods among ethnic minorities in Yunnan into four main types of the farming and animal husbandry in high mountains and narrow valleys; the hunting and picking of wild animals and fruits, the slash-and-burn cultivation; the irrigative farming in terraced fields on hill slopes; the irrigative intensive farming in valleys and basins according to the differences of eco-environments and productive modes. And in the view of the culture ecology, it analyzes the characteristics, spatial distribution, causes of differences and varieties with the times within the patterns of obtaining foods among ethnic minorities in Yunnan. The author considers that the various patterns of obtaining foods among ethnic minorities in Yunnan are not only the results that ethnic minorities adapt themselves to their eco-environments but also the important reasons that cause differences of ethnic minorities' food structure, and bring about the non-balance of the development in the economy, in the society and the variety of culture among ethnic minorities in Yunnan, and change with the development in the economy and society as well as the rising of the productive force.