Richard II's knights: chivalry and patronage |
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| Institution: | 1. Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;2. Division of Allergic Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;3. King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand;4. Allergy & Asthma Consultants, St Louis, Missouri;6. Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;1. The National University of Singapore, Department of Psychology, 9 Arts Link, The National University of Singapore, 117570, Singapore;2. The National University of Singapore, AS8 #07-56, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent (S) 119260, Kent Ridge Campus, Singapore;1. Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Switzerland;2. INSERM, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, NeuroSpin Center, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France;3. Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, I2BM, NeuroSpin Center, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France;4. Department of Psychology, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA;5. Institute for Interdisciplinary Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA;6. Laboratory for Topology and Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Switzerland;1. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA;2. Department of Psychology, Oberlin College, OH 44074, USA;1. Biochemistry and Biophysics (Emeritus), University of Pennsylvania, USA;2. Institute of Noetic Sciences, Novato, CA, USA;3. California Institute of Integral Studies, San Francisco, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Research on late medieval England has tended in two directions. There has been a great renewal of interest in matters chivalric and in the conflicts between the chivalric ideal and reality as interpreted by chroniclers such as Froissart. Quite divorced from such inquiry, the study of pelf and place has proceeded apace. A study of Richard II's conferments of knighthood provides an interesting opportunity to unite these disparate strands of inquiry.Richard II, who ended his life as the simple knight Sir Richard of Bordeaux, had afar deeper sense of chivalric values than many historians have allowed. Chivalry was a vital component in the outlook of the man.Yet, Richard II found himself in this position as a result of intense factional rivalries in which he had been a leading if ultimately losing player. Records of the order of the Garter provide one source of material for this study, but the article also looks at Richard's conferments in more general terms. Clearly, Richard manipulated the chivalric ideal for practical ends, but a tarnished ideal is not a repudiated ideal. Richard II made use of knighthood within his system because he - and his clients —continued to operate within the chivalric code for which such knighthood stood. |
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