制约缺位：苏联政体的陷阱——陈独秀晚年对社会主义民主的思考

陈独秀晚年对前苏联的政治体制进行过冷峻的思考.他的结论是:斯大林的个人独裁,斯大林对民主的粗暴践踏,根本原因不在于他"个人心术特别坏",而在于政体存在严重弊端--最高统治者手中的权力缺乏起码的制约;是独裁制造就了独裁者,而绝非相反.陈独秀晚年对社会主义民主的思考,是独到的,具有前瞻性的.他明确地告诫人们:社会主义革命后建立的"民主政权",离真正的民主自由制度还差十万八千里;不吸收、借鉴资本主义时代的政治文明机制,不搭建权力分立、监督、制衡框架,不真正确立和完善民主选举、民主决策、言论自由等等具体的制度和程序,社会主义民主必然有其名而无其实,个人集权专断的悲剧便难免重演!陈独秀晚年的这些思考和见解,不仅在20世纪已经得到了验证,在刚刚迈入门槛的21世纪,依然具有现实的启示意义.

Absence of restriction:the pitfall in the USSR regime Chen Du-xiu's ponders over socialist democracy in his late years

Chen Du-xiu had pondered seriously over the political system of the USSR.He concluded that it was the absence of basic restriction against the power of the top leader that had given rise to Stalin's authoritarianism and his tramples on democracy.He warned clearly:We have to revise and amend our system so that people's rights in voting and in government's decision-making are securely defended.Otherwise,it will lead inevitably to resurface of totalitarianism;democracy in our socialist society will be merely nominal.Chen's vision has been validated in the 20~ th century.Today,it still has pragmatic advisory significance.