明代地域商帮兴起的社会背景 |
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摘 要: |
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The social background of the emergence of regional merchant groups in the Ming Dynasty |
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Authors: | Jinmin Fan |
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Institution: | (1) History Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China |
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Abstract: | In the mid-Ming Dynasty, the means of transportation were greatly improved; commodity production became more developed; silver
was gradually monetized; commercial taxes became lighter; and social attitudes towards merchants changed. All these developments
created a favorable environment for the formation of regional merchant groups. Meanwhile, social factors at the regional level—characteristics
of local commodity production, favorable natural environment and production structures, as well as Ming government’s practice
of border defense, border trade, foreign policy, local customs, and the interpretation of commercial activities of local people—all
contributed to the emergence of merchant groups.
Translated by Wu Yanhong from Tsinghua Daxue Xuebao 清华大学学报 (Journal of Tsinghua University), 2006, (5): 81–94 |
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Keywords: | Ming Dynasty merchant groups regional studies long distance trade |
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