湖南桃源出土战国彩绘陶器的科学分析

为研究湖南桃源县战国楚墓出土彩绘陶器的组成结构及保存现状,采用能量色散X射线荧光光谱法(EDXRF)、扫描电镜-能谱法(SEM-EDS)、X射线衍射法(XRD)和激光拉曼光谱法(LRS)等手段对陶器胎体成分、表面彩绘、金属涂层等进行分析检测。结果表明:这批彩绘陶器胎体成分相近,为普通易熔黏土。彩绘陶器表面的红色颜料为朱砂(HgS),黑色颜料为炭黑(C)。在彩绘陶壶、陶鼎和陶敦表面发现金属涂层装饰,通过扫描电镜能谱和X射线衍射分析,确定涂层为单质锡,属于锡涂陶的范畴。同时红外光谱测试显示锡层内面棕黑色物质为生漆,可能混合其他胶结材料。以上结果为研究战国时期彩绘陶器,特别是锡涂陶的制作工艺及发展提供了新的资料。

Scientific analysis of polychrome potteries of the Warring States period in Taoyuan County, Hunan Province

In order to study the composition, structure and status of preservation of polychrome potteries excavated from a Chu tomb of the Warring States period in Taoyuan County, Hunan Province, we used energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and laser Raman spectrometry (LRS), etc. to analyze the chemical compositions of pottery bodies and pigments on pottery surfaces and metal coatings. The chemical compositions of pottery bodies, which are made from fusible clay, are similar. The red pigment on pottery surfaces is cinnabar (HgS) and the black is carbon black (C). According to the SEM-EDS and XRD analyses, a layer of tin, as a typical decoration, was identified on pottery surfaces. By Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, the black material on the inner side of the tin layer is mainly lacquer, along with other types of binding materials. This paper provides new data for future research on the craftsmanship and development of tin-decorated pottery during the Warring States period.