故宫养心殿燕喜堂琉璃构件表面污染物的清洗实验初步研究

古建筑琉璃瓦构件长期暴露在室外,受到风吹雨淋,加之大量的污染物影响,导致釉层剥落,严重影响其外观及艺术价值,也为后续的保护修复带来巨大影响。实验通过对琉璃构件污染物的检测,发现其污染物主要为黑色含炭的附着物,以及含有钙与铁的原有修复材料。分别用激光清洗、蒸汽清洗等手段进行清洗,通过视频显微与色差仪对其清洗效果评估。结果发现激光清洗能有效去除黑色含碳的附着物,蒸汽清洗则对于表面的灰尘与浅黑色污染物有显著的效果,手术刀片剔除法可以有效清除原有修复材料。本实验对于琉璃构件清洗保护流程及工艺可起到指导作用。

Preliminary study of cleaning out contaminants on the surface of glazed components of Yan Xi Tang in the Palace Museum

Long-term exposure to natural environment and presence of a great number of contaminants has resulted in the loss of the glaze layer of glazed tiles on ancient buildings, which seriously affects the appearance and artistic value as well as subsequent conservation and restoration. In our study, contaminants on glazed components were detected in experiments; the results indicated that the main contaminants were black carbon-containing attachments and old repair materials. Laser and steam cleaning technologies were used to eliminate these contaminants, and the cleaning effects were evaluated using video microscopy and colorimetry. The results show that 1) laser cleaning could effectively remove black carbon-containing attachments; 2) steam cleaning had significant effects on the removal of surface dust and light black contaminants; 3) removal with a surgical blade was effective for old repair materials. The experiment could play a guiding role in the process of cleaning and conservation of glazed components.