分析SARS:在我国的地理扩散和地理障碍

SARS疫情在我国的迅速传播已经对我国的社会和经济生活造成了重大的影响,也为我们观察和分析地理扩散提供了难得的机会。SARS的扩散显然是一种地理过程,这个过程的第一个特征是以等级扩散为发展方式的,第二个特征是必然在扩散中遇到障碍。第一个特征的存在使疫情在一段时间里在我国得以迅速的蔓延,但是当采取各种医疗、隔离和防护措施后,SARS的扩散在出现障碍的条件下受到抑制。文章描述了疫情扩散的方式,在我国形成的地理格局(以广东和北京为源地),认为这个地理格局的形成与我国流动人口的分布、人口流动的条件有关。同时指出,在疫情扩散的地理格局中,在中心城市形成的高度集中是一种令人担忧的现象。因为这样的集中已经对这些中心城市的包括"医疗中心"在内的行政、经济、交通等核心地的功能产生严重影响。为此,文章注意到我国一些没有发现疫情的地区的地理条件,认为存在着如地理距离(距离衰减)、地理环境、产业特征等地理障碍。通过对这些障碍的分析,文章最后提出了防治疫情及其继续扩散的措施。

ANALYZING SARS:GEOGRAPHICAL DIFFUSION AND HINDRANCE IN CHINA

The outbreak of SARS and its rapid diffusion bring so much influence to our social life and economy, however it gave us one scarce chance to observe and analyze its geography diffusion, to earn some experience for SARS and other epidemical diseases. Perhaps without any hesitation, we may infer its diffusion is obviously a geographical process, which means the diffusion in geographical space. During the first process of its diffusion, hierarchical diffusion dominated, and followed by some hindrance in its diffusion, which marked the second process. We noticed that the first process gave great chances to the disease diffusion, and it spread virus so rapidly that many lives were taken away, and also one foundation was established for its following loafing. It spread through crowds, space(such as from Guangdong to Beijing) and time. Some measures such as medical treatment, isolation and defendable measure were taken peremptorily after scientists finding its severity. And the diffusion of SARS was restrained by hindrance. This article describes the diffusion manner of the epidemic disease and the forming of geographical situation in China(the main locus are Guangzhou and Beijing, and capital city of each province is the next emphasis space). At the same time, the distribution made us worried more, for the article points out that centralization may aggravate the negative effect. Therefore, this article notices the geographical condition where haven't discovered SARS case, and considers the existing geographical hindrance, just like geographical distance(distance attenuation), geographical environment(something like ultraviolet radiation may help prevent it), characteristics of industry(industries which can cause numerous migrant population may bring the disease easily, such as finance, commerce, tourism and education, etc). We also noticed some occasions(small mass of population) might prevent it. Through analyzing these hindrances, the article offered the countermeasures against the diffusion of epidemic disease. We may take out the patients from the central cities, and some geography environment remind us its function to accept the patients such as Qingzang Plateau in national level. Its non-hindrance diffusion reminds us the importance of preventing it in rural areas and some medical centers in a county need establishing.