国外旅游型海岛人地关系研究进展

基于文献资料的整理与分析,国外旅游型海岛人地关系研究中关注人对地的影响、人地关系相互作用过程,人地关系的调控途径;在野外调查、分区规划的基础上广泛采用生态经济学、管理学理论。借鉴国外相关研究,协调我国旅游型海岛人地关系中要整合人地关系研究,拓宽旅游型海岛的研究领域,重视乡、村级旅游型海岛的人地关系问题,尤其要先解决环境脆弱地区外来游客的影响和相关利益主体问题。

MAN-LAND RELATIONSHIP RESEARCH PROGRESS ON TOURISM DESTINATION ISLANDS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

Marked by typical landscape and historical relics, islands are one of the most important tourism destinations in the world. The tourism sector dominates the economic activities of the tourism destination islands, meanwhile, the tourism destination island is apt to be affected by natural disasters and the global economic changes. Some of the tourism destination islands in foreign countries have had a history of development for hundreds of years and accumulated abundant knowledge about man-land relationship. Recently, the research on this aspect in those countries has seen a great deal of achievements which usually focus on the following: 1) man's impact on land, such as the impacts on biological resources, water resources and special capacity, so tourists' activities can affect tourist attractions. 2) the interaction process between man and land. Tourism destinations are in a state of continuous change,development is more intense in the cases of tourism destination islands due to their geographic limitations. The tourism area life cycle model can explain the movement towards sustainability of a tourism destination island in its maturity stage. 3) the way and methods to adjust the man-land relationship. To ensure the tourism destination islands' sustainability of natural, cultural, human and infrastructure resources, it is necessary to combine strategic decisions that are both internal and external to the island destinations, such as the integrated management on the coastal line, the educating and training of the human resources, community participation, managing ecotourism, evaluating the environmental quality of ecotourism, the detailed tourism planning and designing, adjustment between destinations and original regions and attention to the local identity and social networks, etc. With various theories and methods and the help of field work and zone planning, the ecological economics and management theory and "3S" technology are applied. The tourism development on island in China started later, although it booms rapidly, and the corresponding instructive theory and method are in short supply for tourism sustainable development of the islands. the advantage of foreign experiences must be taken for integrating the conditions of China, to adjust the relationship between man and land on the islands of China. The research on tourism islands must be integrated with that of man-land relation, and the research aspects should be widened. The man-land relation issues at the level of county and villages should be stressed, and specially, the impacts caused by tourists and the issues of stakeholders in the areas of ecological fragility must be solved firstly.