北京美术产业对地方文化的嵌入性程度分析

北京十一五规划指出北京将大力发展文化产业,尤其是文化创意产业。美术是文化产业中最具有创意色彩的产业部门,北京是中国最重要的美术产业中心,近5年来出现了一批美术创意产业集中区。本文使用近十多年来国外经济地理学家频繁使用的嵌入概念分析北京的美术产业。本文所采用的嵌入概念更强调KarlPolanyi的观点,以北京三个主要美术产业区798艺术区、宋庄画家村、观音堂文化大道为研究地点,通过分析实地访谈资料、艺术家和画廊的网站资料,探讨企业和艺术家在作品风格、市场定位、企业分布、企业制度等方面是如何嵌入北京地方制度文化和意识形态文化的。本文认为在把握嵌入程度,避免过度地方化的程度上有待未来讨论。

LOCAL CULTURAL EMBEDDEDNESS OF THE FINE ARTS INDUSTRY IN BEIJING

Beijing supports its cultural and creative industries in its 11st City Development Plan. Creativity is the emphasis of cultural industries which Beijing is developing, and art industry is the relatively pure creative one in six kinds of cultural industries. A scholar holds that creative industry is the sum of creative art and cultural one. Fine art is one of the creative industries. Beijing is an important center of it. In the recent years, some of fine art clusters emerge in Beijing's. How to guide and promote the healthy and rapid development of fine art creative industry becomes a hot issue in academic circle. This paper explores the relationship between fine art industry and Beijing's system culture and ideological culture from a geography perspective, in order to provide a basis for making policies which promote cultural and creative industries.
This paper uses the concept of embeddedment by economic geographers, which has been discussed frequently for more than 10 years. The authors prefer to the embeddedness of Karl Polanyi, that is embedding into local ideological culture and institutional culture, rather than to local economic network. Taking three fine art clusters (798 Art District, Songzhuang Artist Village and Guanyintang Cultural Avenue) in Beijing as fieldwork places, the authors collect information from the interviewees and websites of Beijing's fine artists, and then analyse the styles, marketing orientation, allocation of ateliers and galleries, etc.. The paper tries to find how deep the fine art in Beijing embeds the local culture. The conclusions are:
1) In the stage of creative production, the artists do not embed into local culture sufficiently, although they may do it necessarily.
2) In the stage of exhibition and selling, artists and galleries only consider how to embed into city's cultural milieu than the local cultures.
3) After locating on a well known art district, a gallery should consider how to embed to succeeded culture, in order to get extra benefit of the local name brand.
4) Artists and galleries have weak relationship with local social network while they pay more attention to local institutions.
All of the conclusions proved that municipal of Beijing have more influence on Beijing's fine art industry by policies than by cultural milieu construction. It should be discussed further about how to avoid overterritorialized for the fine artists.