明初大运河南旺分水枢纽水工技术考

明朝初年,国脉皆仰东南,为解决南方粮财物的北运问题,宋礼和白英受命组织修建了大运河山东段南旺分水枢纽。该枢纽主要包括引汶济运、导泉补源、设立水柜和置闸节流四个组成部分。其中,引汶济运是工程之重点,包括戴村坝、小汶河、南旺分水以及配套工程等四个子系统。这些水利设施组成一个和谐的系统工程,保证了该段运河的水量稳定充足,从而实现了大运河500余年的正常通行。南旺分水枢纽代表了我国古代运河水工的最高科学技术成就,堪称世界水利史上的一大经典范例。

Hydraulic Engineering Techniques for Nanwang Water -diversion Hydro -junction of the Grand Canal in Early Ming Dynasty

Nanwang water -diversion hydro -junction of the Grand Canal was built by Song Li and Bai Ying in order to solve the problem of sending grains from the south to the north in early Ming Dynasty.There were four parts of the hydro -junction which included leading the water of Wenshui river to the diversion intake at Nanwang,gathering the springs to supply the water source of the Grand Canal,setting up water tanks,and setting the sluice gate to control flow.Among these parts,lead-ing the water of Wenshui river to the diversion intake at Nanwang was the key point,which consists of four subsystems such as Daicun dam,the little Wenshui river,Nanwang water -diversion project,and auxiliary projects.These water conservancy facili-ties constitute a huge and complete systems engineering.Working together,they ensured adequate and stable water supply to this section of the canal so that the Grand Canal had been unimpeded for more than 500 years.Nanwang water -diversion hydro -junction engineering represents the highest science and technology achievements of Chinese ancient canal hydraulic en-gineering,which is regarded as a great example of world water conservancy history.