“苗例”:清王朝湖南新开苗疆地区的法律制度安排与运作实践

以往的研究,除了因俗而治的解释之外,均未清楚地指出苗例何以出现在《大清律例》中,亦未对其适用范围加以深入分析,更无苗例司法实践的翔实案例。本文在提供此类案例之后,认为清王朝在湖南乾州、凤凰、永绥三厅新开苗疆地区,依据苗民原生活状况和当地异于改土归流的开辟方式,采用苗例作为处理苗民内部纠纷的法律规范,并配合苗例建立了一套有特色的法规体系。不过,在司法实践中,苗例之外,官法亦被地方官府适当运用于其中,从而显示出清王朝在苗疆的法律权威。乾嘉以降,新开苗疆地区不断走向化内,加上清末法律西方化,苗例终于被彻底从《大清律例》中废除。

The Miao Sub-statutes:Legal Organization and Practice in the Qing Dynasty's Newly Opened Miao Regions of Hunan

Aside from the interpretation of ruling according to minority customs, previous studies have neither clearly pointed out why the Miao sub-statutes appeared in the Qing code nor analyzed their range of application in depth,much less dealt with substantial cases of judicial practice.After presenting such cases,this paper maintains that in the newly opened Miao regions of Hunan province's Qianzhou,Fenghuang and Yongsui subprefectures,the Qing Dynasty adopted the Miao sub-statutesas legal norms for handling con...