晚清的卫生行政与近代身体的形成——以卫生防疫为中心

近代以来,民众身体在摆脱人身依附关系的同时,又遭遇身体的国家化和被现代权力日益广泛而细密的监控。对于中国社会这一过程,虽已有一些探讨,但尚未有从卫生行政的角度对身体的近代化的专门探究。本文从卫生防疫一隅,考察了从传统到近代,卫生防疫与身体之间关系的变化,以及卫生行政这一现代权力实现对国民监控的过程与特色,以及这样的身体规训又是如何被接受的。本文认为,这一进程的实现,既有西方科学、卫生和文明等话语霸权的威力,更离不开国家的相关立法和相关职能机构逐渐增设。在接纳的过程中,尽管不无外在的压力,但总体上无疑是中国一百多年来那些士绅精英为追求国家和国民现代化而做出的主动而自觉的选择。是在当时内外交困的危局中,为了强国保种而不得不作出的一种缺乏深思熟虑、简单便捷化的选择。

Hygiene Administration and the Framing of the Modern Body:The Case of Epidemic Prevention

Modern times have witnessed the nationalization of the public body,which was under wide and detailed surveillance by the modern state,as well as the loss of personal attachment.While there has some discussions on this process in Chinese society,rarely have there been explorations of the modernization of body in the light of hygiene administration.This paper analyzes the changing relationship between epidemic prevention and body from traditional to modern times from the perspective of epidemic prevention.It ...