清初移民四川与啯噜的产生和蔓延

清初,清政府鼓励在川境垦荒以及大规模地向四川移民。然而,在四川这个新的移垦区域中,社会整合与人口快速增长不相适应,社会控制机制未能很好地建立起来,对大量的移民缺乏有效的管理和制约。移民中的棍徒、游手无赖之徒与本地流氓恶少相互勾串融合,产生了一种异姓结拜的松散组织——啯噜。啯噜的产生和蔓延,与清初不加限制地向四川移民,与四川这个未趋整合的移垦社会的社会背景、地理环境等因素密切相关。

The Early Qing Immigrants in Sichuan and the Emerging and Spreading of Guolu

In the early Qing dynasty,the government encouraged people to open up wasteland in Sichuan and made people migrate there on a large scale. However,in the new migrating area,social integration didn't keep abreast with the increasing speed of population. The social and governmental control wasn't built up in time and thehoodlumsand rascalsamong the immigrants ganged up with the localruffianto create a loosely organized society named Guolu, in which people with different family names became sworn brothers. Guo...