越文化青铜乐器初探

越文化青铜乐器有铙、甬钟、纽钟、镈钟、句鑃、铎、鼓等,除铙、部分甬钟的年代可拟定为商代晚期至西周时期外,其他皆集中在春秋晚期至战国中期,可分属于越建国前、越国两大时期。越建国前的乐器中,南方风格的铙占据着最重要的地位;而在越国时期的乐器中,出现了成组的中原风格的编甬钟、纽钟等,说明越国的上层贵族已华夏化。

A Primary Study on the Bronze Musical Instruments of the Yue Culture

The bronze musical instruments from the Yue Culture include the Nao(a large cymbal),Yong Zhong(a bell with a cylindrical handle on top),Niu Zhong(a bell with a semi-circular knob on top),Bo Zhong(a bell with a plane opening),Gou Diao(used at sacrificial ceremonies or feasts),Duo(a hand-bell with clapper) and Gu(drum).Whiel the Naos and some of Yong Zhongs are likely to be dated to the late Shang through the Western Zhou Dynasty,the others were all from the late Spring and Autumn period through the middle of the Warring States,which may be grouped as of the Pre-Yue and Yue periods.The Nao with a southern style,was the most prominant musical instruments of the pre-Yue time.When it came to the Yue time,the Yong Zhong and Niu Zhong,which appeared in sets and with a Central-Plain style,started to be seen indicating that the nobility of the Yue State had been influenced by the Central-Plain.