Reflection of electromagnetic waves by density gradients in a magnetised plasma |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands;2. Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands;3. Department of Earth Sciences and Minnesota Supercomputer Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA;4. Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan;5. Institute of Metallurgy, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal, Germany;6. Departmant of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10026, USA;1. Institut für Strahlenphysik, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Dresden 01328, Germany;2. Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, Rostock 18059, Germany;3. aible GmbH, Am Vögenteich 24, Rostock 18055, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The reflection of electromagnetic waves by density gradients in a plasma with a magnetic field derived from a scalar potential is studied. Conditions are found for reflection at grazing incidence at a surface S containing field lines. No restriction is placed on the angle between the wave-normal and the field, and account is taken of the curvature of the surface and the anisotropy of the medium. Particular reference is made to whistler-mode waves in the magnetosphere. The minimum electron density enhancement needed for reflection is calculated. Guidance by small-scale irregularities and ‘super whistlers’ (whistlers with upper cut-off above one-half the equatorial electron cyclotron frequency) are briefly discussed. |
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