文物防震措施研究初探

台北故宫博物院珍藏中国历代名瓷和玉器其数量和种类居全世界博物馆之冠,目前陈列柜内瓷器及玉器的防震措施仍有改善的空间,因此运用现代科学方法和仪器研究文物防震措施,更突显其重要性和迫切性。本研究使用的方法为传统文物防震措施(使用微晶蜡固定、铁弗龙、橡胶垫和防震塑料垫衬底)、柜内型隔震台减震和电磁铁固定陈列柜功能性测试;运用台湾地震工程研究中心的人工地震台执行上述不同方法之实验。实验结果,传统方法抗震优劣顺序为:微晶蜡>铁弗龙>塑料垫>橡胶垫;柜内型隔震台消能减震功效可达60％;至于电磁铁固定陈列柜防震在加速度超过800gal时,才显现摇摆现象,未装电磁铁的陈列柜,加速度超过300gal时,即有自震现象。然而在瓷器、玉器陈列柜内实务执行防震措施的层面,宜使用微晶蜡固定最为经济有效,柜内型隔震台亦可使用,但需考量柜内可滑动空间是否充裕的实际状况执行。

Investigation of precaution measures against earthquake for antiques

The National Palace Museum in Taipei has an extraordinary collection of ancient famous porcelains and jades whose quantity and variety dwarf those of the other museums, Nevertheless, there is still some room for improvement for protecting porcelains and jades on display in an earthquake event. It is therefore essential and urgent to investigate the anti - earthquake measures for the antiques on display. The present study adopted traditional anti - earthquake measures ( museum wax, Teflon, rubber pad, and anti - earthquake plastics pad ) , seismic isolation table, and display cabinets secured by electric magnets to investigate the effectiveness of protecting antiques from earthquake. The experiments were conducted in the earthquake platform in NCREE. The results showed that the effectiveness in decreasing order was museum wax, Teflon, rubber pad, and anti - earthquake plastics pad for the traditional measures. The seismic isolation table inside a display cabinet didn' t show good performance for an earthquake with acceleration less than 300gals, but exhibited a significant seismic reduction (up to 60% ) for the one with richer scale higher than 6 or 7 ( acceleration between 300 and 400 gals) . The display cabinets without electric magnets showed rocking when acceleration exceeded 300ergs. On the other hand,display cabinets secured by electric magnets didn' t show rocking until acceleration is over 800 gals. The results indicated that securing display cabinets with electric magnets had a good effect on anti - earthquake motion. It is concluded that using museum wax as an anti - earthquake measure is most economical. The isolator is also an acceptable alternative, but the available space in display cabinets is crucial for this measure.