CONFOUNDING INFLUENCES, UNINTENDED IMPACTS, AND GROWTH MANAGEMENT POLICIES

This study demonstrates the relationship among inputs, indirect effects, and intended and unanticipated consequences in determining the content and scope of growth management policies in three California cities. It shows that while a short time frame obfuscates a number of policy impacts, local policymakers can achieve policy objectives if they are aware of and utilize options that are available to them during the implementation process. The study suggests that despite the very real constraints imposed by state legislation and weak regional governments, local governments can more effectively deal with externalities by adopting complementary city-county policies and negotiating priorities.