A simple model of gravity-wave momentum and energy fluxes transferred through the middle atmosphere to the upper atmosphere |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan;2. National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria;3. National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan;4. Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, Tokyo, Japan;1. School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, China;2. China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, China;1. Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Shivaji University Campus, Kolhapur 416004, India;2. National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Pakala Mandal, Gadanki 517112, Andhra Pradesh, India;3. Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai 410218, India;4. Department of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India;1. Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, India;2. Frederick University, Cyprus;3. Frederick Research Center, Cyprus |
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| Abstract: | Vertical fluxes of momentum and energy through the middle atmosphere are calculated by using a simple semi-empirical model of quasi-monochromatic internal gravity waves with dominant vertical wavenumbers. In this model those dominant gravity waves are assumed to saturate and break at each observational altitude by an effective critical-layer mechanism. The dominant value of the vertical wave-number is expressed by an exponential function of altitude, decreasing upward with a scale height of 34 km. This expression gives the momentum and energy flux densities decreasing upward with scale heights of 12 and 18 km, respectively, and typical values at 100 km altitude are estimated as 4 × 10?5 Pa and 4 × 10?3 W/m2. A heat flux induced by wavebreaking turbulence also has an order of magnitude similar to that of the wave energy flux. Variabilities around these values and comparisons with other momentum and heat inputs to the upper atmosphere are only briefly discussed. |
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