Sir Edward Appleton and Joseph Priestley: two giants of electrical science |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom;2. Lionhead Studios, Occam Road, Surrey Research Park, Guildford GU2 7YQ, United Kingdom;3. Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk L39 4QP, United Kingdom;4. Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales, United Kingdom;5. Deakin University, 221 Burwood, Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia;1. Public Systems Group, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad D2930, New Campus, Vastrapur, Ahmedabad, 380015, India;2. Public Systems Group, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad New Campus, Vastrapur, Ahmedabad, 380015, India;1. Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;2. INVIA Medical Imaging Solutions, USA;1. Biomaterials Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering (Center of Excellence), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;2. INSTM, Trieste Unit, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University di Trieste, Trieste, Italy;3. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Harvard-MIT Division for Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA;4. School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK;5. School of Engineering, Design and Technology-Medical Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK;6. Tissue Engineering Group, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA;7. Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran, Iran;8. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;9. Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran |
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| Abstract: | The life of Sir Edward Appleton is reviewed, in commemoration of the recent centenary of his birth. Appleton discovered the ionosphere and devoted much of his life to investigations of its properties, receiving the Nobel Prize for physics as a result. He became a senior government scientist in World War II and afterwards was appointed Vice-Chancellor of Edinburgh University. The influence of his roots in the city of Bradford is emphasized and compared with the case of Joseph Priestley, also born near Bradford some 160 yr earlier. Priestley was a major early investigator of electrical phenomena and compiled a comprehensive treatise on the electrical knowledge of his day. He was the first person to present an experimental proof of the inverse-square law of electrostatic force, although he is usually better remembered as the discoverer of oxygen. |
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